Black Cat Essay

In Poe’s †The Black Cat†, the cat acts as an instrument of justice. The story illustrates that the narrator tortures his pets. Moreover, he kills his wife and the black cat brutally. He tries his best to hide the dead body of his wife. But when the second cat screams and reveals the body to the police officers , it brought about justice to narrator’s wife and all those animals whom narrator had tortured. Thus the cat indirectly punishes the narrator by revealing the dead body of his wife to the corps. To begin with, the narrator is portrayed as an evil-doer in the story and he deserves punishment for his crimes. For example, the he begins to suffer violent mood swings under the influence of alcohol.He takes to mistreating not only other animals but also his wife. During this uncontrollable rage he spares only Pluto(the black cat). One night when Pluto bites his hand, he cuts out one of the cat’s eyes. This shows his vengeful behaviour. He keeps on committing wrong just for the sake of wrong. Then, one night he hangs the cat from a tree , where it dies.Furthermore,one day when narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar , the second cat gets under his feet and nearly trips him down the stairs . In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tries to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife. Enraged, he kills her with the axe instead. These actions of narrator throw light upon his merciless and cruel nature. Moreover , he tries to escape from punishment and hides the dead body. Thus, the action of the cat in the end of the story is completely justified. In conclusion, the second cat ultimately serves as the facilitator of justice when it reveals the corpse’s hiding place at the end of tale. Its initial appearance on the top of a hogstead of rum emphasizes its moral purpose.

How to eat Essay

Trash Trash by Andy Mulligan, an important event in the book is when the police go to the dumpsite looking for the bag. This event is important because it make Raphael, Gardo and Rat curious, it also makes the police angry because they can’t find the bag. The last reason is that it’s a catalyst to other events in the story. The story is about three boys in a third world country who earn a living by picking through rubbish. One day they find a bag, the contents of it put them into a terrifying adventure, fighting against corruption and authority. In the event I chose when the police go to the dumpsite looking for the bag. The police go to the dumpsite asking the residents including Raphael, Gardo and Rat if they found a bag, but the police didn’t get any answers. The first reason why the police going to the dumpsite looking for the bag is an important event, is because it makes Raphael, Gardo and Rat curious. It makes Raphael, Gardo and Rat curious because they had the bag and wanted to know why it was so important. The police said â€Å"We think this bag might have something important in it to help us solve a crime.† In other words, the police looking for the bag is an important part in the story, and if the police didn’t go to the dumpsite looking for the bag Raphael wouldn’t have gone looking for answers. The second reason why the police going to the dumpsite looking for the bag is an important event, is because it is a catalyst to other events in the story. If the police didn’t go to the dumpsite looking for the bag Raphael, Gardo and Rat wouldn’t have gone to the police station to find out why the bag is so important. Therefore, the police going to the dumpsite looking for the bag is a key part of the story. The last reason why the police going to the dumpsite looking for the bag is an important event, is because it makes the police angry because they can’t find the bag and that makes them interrogate Raphael and that shows how the police are corrupt because they beat Raphael. â€Å"What did you find?† said the boss â€Å"I didn’t find a bag, sir.† Raphael said. In summary the police going  to the dumpsite looking for the bag shows how the police are corrupt. In conclusion, in trash the police going to the dumpsite is an important event for three reasons. These are it is a catalyst to other events, it makes Raphael Gardo and Rat curious and it makes to police angry because they can’t find the bag. Andy Mulligan wrote this book to show the gap between the rich and the poor and how the police and government are corrupt. The police going to the dumpsite looking for the bag illustrates this by showing that the police will do anything to protect themselves and the government. This is a powerful life message.

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay

There are many animals that would prefer to stay as far away from the indoors as possible! Even though some people keep their pets inside most of the time, they would much rather be outside living in their natural habitat. Many animals are covered in fur to protect them from cold weather and to keep animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and mice is unethical treatment from humans when they would rather be outdoors where they were intended to live with other animals. There are those humans who simply don’t want to take their animals outdoors, and then there are others who enjoy caging wild animals, such as snakes, turtles, mice and lizards for their own enjoyment. It is unnatural for many animals who haven’t adapted to existing in an enclosed environment and it is unethical treatment against wildlife to hold them indoors, against their will. It is sad when you hear about people who mistreat animals and are careless to the pet’s desires of wanting to roam around in their natural habitat. There are occasions when animals are never allowed to go outdoors and are strictly kept in cages and fed manually by the pet owner. â€Å"We humans create homes that feel, smell, sound and look good to us, not our cat,† Ingrid Newkirk explains in her book, â€Å"250 Things You Can Do To Make Your Cats Adore You. † The author relates that our pets are not always comfortable and happy just because we are. We need to consider the comfort of every pet.

DQ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DQ - Assignment Example Q2. No, all businesses do not have the same functional areas. The functional areas in a business would depend on the size and need (Singla, 2009). With variation in size, larger organizations tend to have more and independent functional areas such as marketing and sales, production, customer service and human resources than their smaller counterparts. For example, Apple Inc., a technological firm, has information and technology department to undertake its ICT functions (Apple Inc., 2015). However, a small scale fisherman would not have such a functional area as the business does not need to leverage on information technology to execute its functions. Q3. At Apple Inc., functional areas are interdependent, with Design relying on Human Resources to attract the rightful personnel to undertake its mandate and Finance dependent on Sales to meet the financial obligations of the corporation among others (Apple Inc., 2015). Thus, for a consultant, there would be need to understand all the various functional areas of the organization before offering the needed services. This follows the argument by Srivastava and Verma (2012) that such a consultant would have to consider a problem from the perspective of the organization as a whole, factoring in the interest of all functional areas to reach a

Cultural Immersion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Immersion - Essay Example As I grew up, I realized there were increasing numbers of adverts and campaigns to assist these people. On one night show by a Fox News presenter, I heard the news anchor commenting, â€Å"Something needs to be done regarding homelessness. I believe it is high time the government made extra efforts and offered proper solutions instead of leaving it to non-governmental organizations† (Todd 2006, p. 23). This made me to take a keen interest and try to find out more about the homeless. As a resident of San Diego, I made attempts to inquire about the homeless. One day, I asked my dad, â€Å"Are you aware of where the homeless live? Can you walk me there?† My dad laughed and said, â€Å"I will take you there.† That Saturday morning, my dad and I proceeded to San Diego streets, as I joyfully carried some old clothes of mine and some dollar coins I had earlier saved in my piggy bank. In my past years, I had always enjoyed coming to the city since my father took us to ma ny fancy places by his car. That day, my father took another path as we walked to the city. I heard my father saying, â€Å"Welcome to Downtown. I am happy that you made a wise choice to visit these people. You will learn a lot†. As we entered Downtown Street, we met a lady that had carried a child and she had sat on the cold floor with tattered clothes, looking emaciated and shivering from the cold chilly morning. They had no pullovers and next to them was a card board house that was about to crumple. The baby’s mouth had dried and it kept crying as flies were all over it. On seeing that sight, I asked my dad â€Å"Is she homeless?† My dad looked straight into my eyes as we approached them and only nodded his head in agreement. As we approached the mother, she turned to our side and I saw a grimace developing on her face, and she started to look around in her cardboard hut for a mug. She later dashed to where we were, leaving the baby on the floor as she scream ed, â€Å"Mr. Can you please spare some change. I am homeless and I have not eaten for days.† Staring at her grotesque figure and emaciated baby, I was touched with great sorrow as to what she had to undergo while being homeless. As she spoke, every word cut across my heart as I wondered, â€Å"Why God? Why her? Why this child?† My dad went calmly by her side and gave her some coins which he had. He then instructed me to donate the clothes which I had to help warm her child. I was moved by that act as I witnessed the mother turn happy (Todd 2006, p. 55). I was happy helping the needy. After a while, we continued with our journey and arrived at a homeless shelter. The conditions in the homeless shelter were messy as it was full beyond capacity. From what the patron told us, the population meant for the place was 120, but instead it housed 500 people. Some people were forced to sleep on the bare floor (Todd 2006, p. 113). From the look of things, I realized that the sani tation around that place was not good. In addition, I also saw some homeless people squabbling for food. I had never imagined people could do that. I had always watched in movies, but that was my first time witnessing such a sad moment. I was touched and realized that for many years I had been ignoring this minority group in the society. I regretted always enjoying Christmas while someone else was out there freezing in the cold. At around 2 p.m. my dad and I left that place, and I realized how I had been neglecting the homeless for a

Counseling a adolescent girl (theories of counseling) Essay

Counseling a adolescent girl (theories of counseling) - Essay Example , emotional and social environment while therapy based on Bowen’s theories draws its conclusions and therapeutic energy from the family of the client. By declaring that â€Å"only intelligence †¦.tends towards an all-embracing equilibrium† in human life, Jean Peaget had been one of the pioneers of cognitive behavioral theory (9). Kendall has described cognitive behavioral theory as â€Å"problem solving in its orientation, deals directly with the cognitive forces that impact social information processing, incorporates emotional and social domains, addresses matters associated with parenting and families, and emphasizes performance-based interventions† (4). The ability to identify a problem and arrive at possible solutions is a skill that a child has to acquire as she grows up (Kendall, 4). The psychological health of a growing child depends heavily on cognitive problem solving strategies, that is, her capacity to consider the full range of solutions, evaluate them properly and choose the best one applicable in a given situation (Kendall, 4). Cognitive behavioral theory, in its application, aims at enhancing the cognitive problem-solving strategies in the mind of a person (Kendall, 4). As the emotions of a person always meddles with the problem-solving process, this theory also helps one learn to understand one’s emotional experiences and modify them (Southam-Gerow and Kendall, 320). Social domain is included as another major factor in this theory because any psychological problem that arises out of the interaction of an individual with other individuals as well as the society as a whole (Kendall, 5). When it comes to a child or adolescent, naturally the parents and family become yet another influencing factor. Last but not least, the child or the adolescent has to be constantly encouraged to practice their problem-solving skills so as to strengthen their cognitive problem-solving strategies (Kendall, 6). While doing a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the

Implementing a Vision of learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Implementing a Vision of learning - Essay Example Speculative ideas come to existence and opposition cannot be avoided. It is common for a school to have a social responsibility to its community. Some stakeholdrers may take this as a lkeeway to satisfay their own needs. For instance, if a school gets its supplies from the neighbourhood, some peoppel who are close to the new administration may want to be favored in tenders to supply some school needs. Bitterness, opposition and resentment m,ay arise if this is not met (Green, 2009). Gaining support is not an easy task. However, Green (2009) stipulates that confidence can be earned with time by setting standards right from the beginning. Democratization of ideas and acting through professional ethics lays a foundation that gives each stakeholder a mandate that is indispensable. Development of support at all levels from teachers, parents, students and the entire community is sound in letting them know their boundaries of operation. The partnership must however be meaningful so that no group feels aggrieved by the conditions. Accountability is very important. Operating through delegated legislation and holding each individual for their actions helps create a sense of ownership of the tasks that these people are involved in. it is mostly easy to identify and correct errors. This is necessary for effective development (Whitley,

How life would be different if you were in an impaired driving related Essay

How life would be different if you were in an impaired driving related crash - Essay Example These shapes begin to move faster and faster until everything around me seems to be spiraling out of control. I feel a wave of fear grip me before everything is brought to an abrupt halt with a sudden jerk, and I wake up, drenched in sweat, gasping for air. These nightmares are only the least of the damages caused by my accident. The accident occurred around six months ago, when I crashed my car into a tree. I was rushing back home from a party. The reckless driving was owed partly to my speeding and mostly to the influence of alcohol. I remember the car swerving uncontrollably and the next thing I know I was in the ER. The doctors informed me that I had sustained serious injuries in my lower back and the wounds on my face needed several stitches. There was a substantial threat of my spinal tissue being damaged to the extent that it could cause me to become a paraplegic. Thus, I was prescribed bed-rest for six months at least. Now I live under constant fear of having my lower body paralyzed. Doctors have advised me to give up any physically demanding sports. The athletic body which once hosted the spirit of an enthusiastic snowboarder is now too vulnerable to even the mildest of workouts. I have had to take a prolonged leave of absence from my school and now all of my friends will graduate before I do. My parents have had to cancel our family trip because I will have summer school to attend during the vacations. My criminal record is not as spotless as it used to be, and I know this will impact my college applications. The promise of the bright future ahead is beginning to fade a little. The weekends I once spent playing at the local bar with my band are now wasted in physiotherapy sessions. My parents have to tolerate the judgmental looks from their peers every time my accident is brought up in a conversation. They blame themselves for putting too much faith in their 16-year old boy. They no longer trust me and I can sense the disappointment in their eyes.

Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis - Assignment Example Recession affected various industries. Beer, being a luxury product, saw a record breaking drop in sales as the marginal propensity to consume alcohol reduced. This was due to the reduced purchasing power. High cost and low income reduced the amount that people spent on beer consumption. However, after the recession, the customers had more income to spend on luxuries and beer, thus, demand pushed sales up (WSJ; October 2, 2012). Top beer producers gained value after the recession, but their brands could not hold on their share prices, they fell. The biggest players in the industry, Anheuser-Busch Inc. saw record sales of 39.9% in 2011 and 39.7 in 2012. The firm was closely followed by Molson Coors brewing n miller brewing. The chart (iii) in the appendix shows the top beer brands in the industry Despite the competitive conditions in the United States alcoholic beverages and tobacco industry, craft beer has gained value and their brands have higher demand. The craft brewing sub-industry improved and recorded a 15% growth in 2011 and 17% in 2012. In 20122, the craft beer sector had a market share of 10.2%. The craft beer sub-industry is expected to continue with the growth trend if all economic conditions remain constant or improve. Boston beer is the biggest producer of craft beer with over 15.7% market share in the brewing industry. The company competes in both high quality and premium beers and also on low priced beer. The company has a business unit that produces premium beer under the label Sam Adams to compete with established brewing giants. Boston Beer boasts being the largest craft beer brewer in the United States. It is also ranked sixth in the brewing industry in terms of sales. The share price of the SAM as of 11th April 2014 is $234.4 per share that represented small- cap growth. The earnings per share (EPS) stood at $6.80; this implies that every share issued by the company had a return of $6.80 as of April 2014(Yahoo! Finance). This is a

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Case study - Essay Example Timely delivery of the products to meet the urgent customer needs is paramount over implementing innovation on the currently high demand products and services. When the company does not reach its targeted goals and objectives on time, the company may be forced to close shop. The company culture includes management’s terminating the services of employees who consistently do not meet job performance standards (Daft &Armstrong, 2008). In the same manner, the customers accept the organizational culture that companies sell products to generate profits. Customers understand the sales person’s reply to the current and future customers’ request for a lower selling price stating that the company must sell in order to recover its production costs, selling costs, and other cash outflows (Daft &Armstrong, 2008). Customer culture also includes relying on trust or agreement as well as a viable personal relationship between the organization’s employees and the current an d future customers. The company must not break the customers’ trust by delaying the delivery of the products to the market place. The company must build a personal relationship where the customer’s demands or needs are met in timely manner, without exception (Daft &Armstrong, 2008). Further, innovation of products and services must be grounded on ustomer demands and needs. The innovation must fill the customers’ continually changing needs and wants. ... Consequently, the disgruntled current and future customers may shift to buying their needs and wants from the competitors (Daft &Armstrong, 2008). Question 3. The organization must design a results-based organization structure to ensure a balance between opposing positive goals (Daft &Armstrong, 2008). The company sets standards in order to create synergy among the different goals of the company. Each department must ensure complementary achievement of the two opposing goals. Similarly each employee of every department is mandated to culturally contribute to the accomplishment of the employee’s department goals. The standards are the guidelines. However, there are certain situations in the organizational process where adjustments are required. Sometimes some customers request for certain adjustments. To please the customer, the organizational culture includes incorporating the customers’ requests to incorporate the requested adjustments to the products. Further, the org anization must design a customer-based process (Daft &Armstrong, 2008). The company must empower its line and staff employees to create a synergy between one choice and the other choice. For example, the company should implement customer-requested adjustments to allow some violations or noncompliance with certain established organizational standards. The timely adjustment reduces efficiency requirements and reduces long term effectiveness procedures. The customer may not need a product that took too long to deliver because the company prioritizes accomplishment of long term goals. The company must not eliminate efficiency procedures in order to ensure all long term effectiveness objectives are achieved.

An Analysis of Immigration in Constitutional Law-Arizona SB 1070 Research Paper

An Analysis of Immigration in Constitutional Law-Arizona SB 1070 - Research Paper Example During its introduction to the Arizona Senate, this legislation aroused a lot of reactions, both support and rejection for its breadth and strictness in curbing illegal immigration. In fact, in recent historical times, the Arizona SB 1070 is perhaps the strictest of U.S immigration laws. Consequent to its strictness, the legislative Act did not only receive domestic reactions but also international attention and criticism. As a matter of fact, the Arizona SB 1070, like the other anti-illegal immigration laws faces a lot of challenges with regard to civil rights, constitutionality, legislatively, and enforceability. Id. Moreover, the law also faces serious social issue challenges. For instance, concerning civil liberties, the law has been opposed due to its condition that 14-year old aliens staying in the country for more than thirty days should register with the government and must possess their documents wherever they go. The legislation has also been criticized for promoting racial discrimination and profiling. As a result of these controversies, which resulted in different types of boycotts, the law was amended in the first week of its being signed into law. Id. This paper explores immigration in constitutional law in the United States, specifically focusing on the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (Arizona SB 1070). ... Beginning in the 1790 when the Congress passed the racially instigated Naturalization Act, which categorized citizens as whites, a lot has happened concerning citizenship and immigration in the country. Fortunately, these racial laws were rendered unconstitutional after the Civil War when the Naturalization Act was successfully challenged. In 1952, the McCarran-Walter Act, also known as the Nationality Act of 1952 was established as the basis of all immigration and citizenship laws in the U.S. Though the law initially restricted the number of immigrants of a given nationality moving into the U.S every year, this was later changed when the Congress passed a law giving preferences to skilled immigrants. More developments would come in the subsequent decades when immigration laws allowed certified refugees and others who flee to the U.S for one reason of the other to have immigrant status. Id. Nonetheless, controversies have remained part of U.S immigration laws, as attested by the Immi grant Reform and Control Act of 1986 and the Immigration Act of 1990. Those pitted against one another in these controversies are federal and state governments, socioeconomic and political classes, and civil right activists. For instance, civil right groups opposed the California's Proposition 187 of 1994, which proposed to deny illegal immigrants schooling and medical care, which seemed to have targeted immigrants of Mexican and Latin American descent. Id. Civil right groups asserted that while the government failed to improve poor working conditions that only Latin American and Mexican laborers could work on, it insisted on denying these immigrants their rights such as education and health while they worked

Colletes The Murderer and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Essay Example for Free

Colletes The Murderer and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Essay Explore the similarities and differences between Colletes The Murderer and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe. In this essay I will write about the Tell-Tale Heart which was written in the nineteenth century, and The Murderer which was written in the twentieth century. I will compare them in a number of ways; language, settings, suspense, characters In The Tell-Tale Heart the mood is typical of Edgar Allen Poe in that he wrote about murders in dark gothic houses this creates a mood of tension that something is about to happen suddenly and drives us to read faster and faster until suddenly the climax is upon the victims or sometimes, on a anti-climax. The narrator uses short sentences that are filled with active verbs to describe the story. Whereas the mood in The Murderer is quite calm and non-threatening. There is no haste to the words. This is very different to The Tell-Tale Heart. In The Tell Tale Heart the narrator does not tell us exactly where he is but he does tell us that there are creaky floor boards and heavy doors there are also mice. This leads us to believe that he is in a gothic house that is quite old. The narrator does not tell us about the weather directly but mention the wind in the chimney which suggest mid-winter. In the murderer there are a lot of different places, the murder scene, out side the newsagents, the flat where he slept and worked, each of them described in detail. The murder scene was a stationary notions shop as with the tell tale heart during the whole story there is only a few references to the weather such as a brief shower and that darkness cam suddenly apron them. The themes of the stories are both murders. The strangest one of the two stories is the murderer because the main character, Louis, kills his victim, for no reason that we know of, but there is a clear motive in the tell tale heart. The eye. The old mans evil eye this is the thing that drives the murderer to kills the old mans vulture eye the eye with a pale blue film over it. The main character in The Tell Tale Heart is a person who talks about him self a lot in the story ands says a few things like never before that night had I felt the extent of my powers. I think this person is insane (he spent an hour to look through a door) He is mostly in self-denial but he does say the disease has sharpened my senses -not destroyed them this becomes exenterated when he says he heard all the things in heaven because of the acute sense of hearing he has acquired from being mad. The main character of the tell tale heart is a mystery because they does not reveal their sex or their age, or any of their physical looks. Where in the murderer we know that Louis is good looking and has a swarthy face that girls like to smile at. I think that, whilst these authors have crated stories that are similar in theme they have there own way of introducing the characters and victims of the story. Also the setting is very different. I like them both for they are very griping and leave a great deal of the story to the readers imagination but my favourite is The Tell-Tale Heart because of the way the nature of the murderer is very well presented and has left me thinking about it. The very way that he calmly killed him with out no little voice in his head telling him what he is doing is wrong chills me to the bone. This is a little detail that Poe was very clear about for although he was insane (As I have pointed out before the evidence for this case is not in short supply) he was still a human being and as one of them I fell disturbed that one human can do that to a fellow human. Humans are the most dangerous species because of our actions. Our kind is the only ones that ill because they feel like it. Not because they are hungry or in danger but because of pure spite. This is one of the many dangers of free will and Poe and collate point this out in the most disturbing ways imaginable.

Factors Affecting Tea Production Schemes

Factors Affecting Tea Production Schemes FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS’ CHOICE REGARDING PRODUCTION SCHEMES OF TEA PRODUCTION IN PHU THO PROVINCE, VIETNAM I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Since the economic reform named â€Å"Doi moi† in 1986, Vietnamese economy transformed from centrally-planned economy to socialist-oriented market economy. Thanks to the reformation, Vietnam gained remarkable achievements in economic development. In period from 1986-2010, annual per capital GDP growth of Vietnam was 5.3%, staying at the second to the fastest GDP growth rate among Asian countries (McKinsey Global Institute, 2012). Consequently, poverty rate has declined significantly from approximately 70% at the end of 80th decade to about 10% in 2004 and Vietnam became a low middle-income country in 2008 (Tran, 2013). Along with the development of economy, agricultural sector has experienced improvement and contributed significantly to overall economy. Production value of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture in 2012 according to constant price in 1994 was 255.2 thousand billion dong, increasing 3.4% compared to 2011. Moreover, export value of agricultural and forestry produc ts reached 17.7 billion USD in 2012, increasing 18% compared to last previous year (General Statistics Office, 2013). Tea is recognized as one of the strategic commodity for exportation of Vietnam. In particular, in 2012, Vietnam exported about 146.7 thousand tons of tea and export value was 224.6 million USD, increasing 8.67% in terms of quantity and 9.29% in terms of export value compared to 2011 (GSO, 2013). Vietnam is the fifth largest exporter of tea in the world after India, China, Sri Lanka, and Kenya in terms of export volume. Export market of Vietnamese tea ara Pakistan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Russia, China, USA, etc. In order to have such achievement in terms of export, tea production has expanded over last 12 years. In 2001, harvested area of tea in Vietnam was 74.7 thousand ha and it was expanded to 115.8 thousand ha in 2012, compound annual growth rate for the period 2001-2012 was 4.06%. Meanwhile, compound annual growth rate for tea production in such period was 7.8%, from 340.5 thousand tons in 2001 to 923.1 thousand tons in 2012 (GSO, 2013). Tea is planted in many places in Vietnam, but mainly focus on five regions: Northwest (Son La, Lai Chau), Northeast (Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai), Northern midlands (Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho, Bac Can, Bac Giang, Thai Nguyen, Nam Tuyen Quang), North Central (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh), and Central Highlands (Lam Dong, Gia Lai, Kontum). 1.2 Statement of the Problem Phu Tho is an upland province located in Northeast of Vietnam. This region has high poverty rate of Vietnam with 17.39% in 2012 (MOLISA, 2013). In which, the poverty rate of Phu Tho province in 2011 was 17% (GSO, 2012). Thanks to natural conditions that are favorable for tea production, tea product from this region has been well-known in Vietnam. Tea production plays an important role in economic production of Phu Tho province. Tea production has been expected to created job opportunities and enhanced income of tea farmers. In order to encourage tea sector in local area, Phu Tho province has many favorable policies, programs to support farmers regarding seeds, fertilizers, techniques, extension services, and so on. Specifically, decision 23/2001/QÄ -UBND dated 20th December 2011 of People Committee of Phu Tho province mentioned support of agricultural programs in period 2012-2011, including tea commodity. However, tea production in Phu Tho province still has existing problems. Tea productivity is low due to old tea trees. In 2011, average productivity of tea in Phu Tho province was only 0.84 ton/ ha (Quoc, 2013). Furthermore, the problem of overuse of pesticides also brings about low quality of tea products. Moreover, the integration in production and consumption among farmers and tea processing enterprises in Phu Tho province is weak. Last but not least, tea farmers lack of knowledge and skills of modern production techniques and harvesting techniques as well. According to Thang, et al (2004), tea farmers have 4 different classifications including: unlinked farmers, contract farmers, worker farmers, and cooperative farmers. Corresponding with that are 4 schemes of production: Individuals, contract farming, waged agricultural workers and cooperatives. However, Wal (2008) stated that there are three main schemes of production corresponding to three types of tea producers in Vietnam: individual farmers (mostly smallholders), contracted farmers and worker farmers. 1.3 Objectives of the Study The main objective of the study is to determine factors that affect famers in selection of production schemes of tea production in Phu Tho province, Vietnam. Moreover, this study specifically aims to: + Identify the production schemes of tea farmers in Phu Tho province. + Identify difficulties and opportunities of farmers in each type of tea production; and + Recommend solutions that would help farmers to promote tea production and to improve their livelihood. 1.4 Significance of the Study The study of â€Å"Factors affecting farmers’ choice regarding production schemes of tea production in Phu Tho province, Vietnam† would help local officials and policy makers to have better understanding about those types of tea production. Therefore, appropriate policies would be recommended. Then, tea production and livelihoods of tea farmers in Phu Tho province would be improved. II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Review of contract farming 2.1.1 Definition of contract farming Contract farming has been applied all over the world for long time and there are many definitions about contract farming from different scientists and studies. Eaton and Shepherd (2001) stated that contract farming is a kind of agreement which farmers and processing or marketing firms agree with each other in integration regarding production and supply of agricultural products at fixed prices. Contract farming is also considered as a form of vertical integration in agricultural commodity chains. The firms, therefore, would have better control over production, quantity, quality, and the time to decide what commodity is produced (Prowse, 2012). 2.1.2 Types of contract farming The form of contract farming can vary in reality depending on the agreement of farmers and firms. According to Eaton and Shepherd (2001), contract farming can be divided into five models: The centralized model; the nucleus estate model; the multipartite model; the informal model; and the intermediary model. The centralized model: This is a kind of vertical integration where the firm purchases products from farmers and the firms will process and market the products. This kind of contract farming is often applied for tobacco, cotton, sugar cane, bananas, coffee, tea, cocoa and rubber. The extent of the involvement of the firms is diversified. The firms can provide only seed or provide land preparation, seeds, fertilizers extension services, and so on. The nucleus estate model: The firms have their own estate plantation where they make a pilot model of production for particular crop. Then, the firms will introduce the techniques of such models to farmers. The model is often used for people who are resettled and transmigrated. The multipartite model: This model involves a number of stakeholders including legislative bodies with farmers. Those bodies would be international company, provincial companies, joint-venture companies, and village committees, etc. Each stakeholder with be responsible for each stage of production and marketing such as inputs, credit, processing, and marketing. The informal model: This kind of model is suitable for individual enterprises or small firms. Specifically, the firms have contracts with farmers based on season that is why such contract is applied to fresh vegetables, and tropical fruits. In this kind of model, inputs are limited to seeds and fertilizers. Apart from that, technical advices are only available for grading and quality control. The intermediary model: When it comes to this kind of contract farming, the firms usually purchase products from collectors or middlemen who have informal contract with farmers. Since collectors appear between farmers and the firms, it brings about problems of lower income for farmer, and poorer quality. 2.1.3 Benefits to farmers from contract farming Access to reliable market: Market can be considered as one of the most important issues for farmers. Farmers usually face difficulty in terms of market, they lack of information and they do not know where they can sell products with better price. Thus, farmers should know where they can sell their products before they produce it. Contract farming can help farmers to deal with this issue by linking farmers with reliable markets. This is consistent with study of Eaton and Shepherd (2001) and Setboonsarng (2008). Access to credit: Farmers often encounter problem of credit to buy inputs or to expand production. This problem for small-scale farmers is more pressing than that of large-scale farmers. Setbonarng (2008) argued that farmers are constrained to credit in developing countries, even in places where microfinance exist. This is due to the fact that bank usually offer loans to microenterprises rather than agricultural production. Consequently, many smallholders cannot access credit at all (Glover Kusterer, 1990; Hayami Otsuka, 1993). The study of Simmons (2002) also has same conclusion regarding credit issue. + Provision of inputs: By joining contract farming, farmers can be provided inputs by firms or contractors. Those inputs would be seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. Provision of inputs would reduce transaction cost per unit of output (Nagaraj, et al, 2008; and Bijman, 2008). + Reduction in risk of price fluctuation: farmers, who do not have contract and often sell their products to the spot market, usually have to face price fluctuation. Contract farming would overcome this problem. This is owing to the fact that the firms would specify the price in advance and this process is made during the time of contract negotiation (Eaton and Shepherd 2001; Setboonsarng, 2008; and Baumann, 2000). + Improvement of technology: Simmons (2002) argued that in the absence of contract farming, farmers have to face high cost of gathering technical information. Frequently, contract farming requires a certain level of quality. Also, the firms would support extension services and introduce new technology to farmers in order to have better quality for the products. This is also the same with conclusion of Bijman (2008) and Eaton Shepherd (2001). 2.1.4 Empirical studies on contract farming in agriculture The situation of contract farming between Tanganda Tea Estate and farmers is an example. Tamgada Tea Company has operating an outgrower schemes for large-scale farmers for several years. Then in 1975, they started their business with small-scale farmers. The form of contract is verbal in English and vernacular and there is no definite duration for the contract. Under the agreement, the company supported inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and credit with low interest rate to farmers. The payment will be deducted at the payment of final green leaf. Company also provided free technical advice and transport services to farmers. In 1998, the company had full-time outgrower Extension Officers who help small-scale farmers to increase technical production (Woodend, 2003). Can (2008) stated that the largest contract farming in rice sector exists between Ankor Kasekam Roonoeung Co Ltd (AKR), a private company, and rice farmers. The company mostly exports Neang Mails (an aromatic Cambodian rice variety) to international market. The number of people joining the contract with the company has been increasing from 100 farmers at the beginning to 27,345 farmers in 2003 and 32,005 farmers in 2008. Under the contract, the company plays an important role in every stage of production and marketing as well. The company is the one who choose suitable area for growing rice, establish farmers associations, recruit new farmers, deliver seeds and technical support, monitor and solve problems in production, collect and purchase rice from farmers, sort and classify milled paddy into different kinds, and export to other countries including European countries, Australia, and Hong Kong. According to the contract, the company distributes Neang Mails seeds in credit to farmers in July, and then the company will buys output from October to January of the following year. The contract clearly includes the amount of seeds that the farmers have to return, the minimum prices, and penalties for contract violation. However, the contract does not include explicitly the penalties to the companies when they do not buy output of farmers at the negotiated prices. Moreover, the company establishes commune associations to support implementation of the contract. Each association has function of monitoring process and reporting to the company. Aside from that, associations also provide technical advice to their members. Setboonsarng, Leung, and Stefan (2008) had study about rice contract farming in Lao PDR. Authors mentioned a case study of contract rice farming in Vientiane province. Lao Arrowny Corporation was established in 2002, a joint venture between Lao and Japanese investors. The company produces Japanese rice and exports to Japanese expatriates in Southeast Asia. In 2004, the company had contract with approximately 2,000 farmers and total rice land of 800 ha. The criteria of the contract include three main points: farmers own their own rice land; farmers who want to become member of farmers’ association have to work hard and the decision will be given by fellow farmers; and farmers are not allowed to use chemical fertilizers in production. By implementing contract with the company, farmer will receive premium price which is included in the contract. In addition to this, the company supplies seeds, fertilizer and technical assistance. 2.2 Review of cooperatives 2.2.1 Definition of cooperatives 2.2.2 Benefits to farmers from cooperatives 2.2.3 Empirical studies on cooperatives in agriculture III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Conceptual framework 3.2 Hypotheses of the study V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Types and Sources of Data Primary data would be collected by deep interviews key informants in production chains of tea sector at Phu Tho province. Also, deep interviews will be implemented with Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Phu Tho province, Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, etc. Moreover, Implementation of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in order to collect general information about current situation of tea production and factors that affect choice of tea farmers among production types at Phu Tho province. Last but not least, questionnaire survey will be conducted to collect information about situation of tea production, factors that affect choice of tea farmers in production integration at Phu Tho province, constraints and opportunities of farmer in each chain of tea production. In terms of secondary data, Documents related to tea production at Phu Tho province will be collected to have better understanding of current situation of tea production at Phu Tho province. 4.2 Sampling Method Sample size will be chosen by Yamane formula (1967) as follows: Where:n = sample size N = population size e = sampling error, e = 5% Analytical Tools To analyze factors that impact farmers’ choice in production types, the multinomial logit (MNL) model will be used. Because sum of the probabilities must equal to one, we have J types of production, and therefore we have J-1 estimated equations. And the most common type of production will be chosen as reference category. According to Greene (2003), the general formula for MNL is as follows: Where: Yi is random variable that denotes the farmers’ decisions among production types. xi is 1xK vector of farmers’ characteristics. ÃŽ ²j is a Kx1 vector of parameters. From equation (1), we can compute J log-odds ratios: Marginal effects could be computed by taking derivative of equations (1) with respect to xi as follows: LITERATURE CITED BAUMANN, P., 2000. Equity and Efficiency in contract farming schemes: The experience of agricultural tree crops. Working paper 139. UK: Overseas Development Institute. BIJMAN, J., 2008. Contract farming in developing countries. CAI, J. et al., 2008. Rice contract farming in Cambodia: Empowering farmers to move beyond the contract toward independence. ADB Institute Discussion Paper No. 109. DECISION 23/2001/QÄ -UBND dated 20th December 2011 of People Committee of Phu Tho province mentioned support of agricultural programs in period 2012-2011. DECISION No. 80/2002/QD-TTg of June 24, 2002, on policies to encourage agricultural product sale via contract farming. EATON, C. and SHEPHERD, A.W., 2001. Contract farming – Partnerships for growth. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 145. GLOVER, D. and KUSTERER, K., 1990. Small farmers, big business: Contract farming and rural development. Macmillan, London. HAYAMI, Y. and Otsuka, K., 1993. The economics of contract choice. Oxford University Press, Oxford. MCKINSEY GLOBAL INSTITUTE, 2012. Sustaining Vietnam’s growth: The productivity challenge. MOLISA, 2013. Decision 749/QÄ -LÄ TBXH dated 13 May 2013 about approval of result of poverty household in 2012. NAGARAJ, N. and et al., 2008. Contract farming and its implications for input-supply, linkages between markets and farmers in Karnataka. PROWSE, M., 2012. Contract farming in developing countries – a review. QUOC, V., 2013. Baophutho.vn, Efficiency improvement of tea commodity in Phu Tho province: current status and solutions, [online] available at: http://baophutho.vn/kinh-te/cong-nghiep/201210/nang-cao-hieu-qua-cay-che-phu-tho-thuc-trang-va-giai-phap-2200410/> [Accessed 26th Jan 2014]. SETBOONSARNG, S., 2008. Global partnership in poverty reduction: contract farming and regional cooperation. SETBOONSARNG, S., LEUNG, P. and STEFAN, A., 2008. Rice contract farming in Lao DPR: Moving from subsistence to commercial agriculture. ADB Institute Discussion Paper No. 90. SIMMONS, P., 2002. Overview of smallholder contract farming in developing countries. THANG, T.C. et al., 2004. The participation of the poor in agricultural value chains: A case study of tea. TRAN, V.T., 2013. Vietnamese Economy at the Crossroads: New Doi Moi for Sustained Growth. WAL, S.V.D., 2008. Sustainability issues in the tea sector. A comparative analysis of six leading producing countries. WOODEND, J.J., 2003. Potential of contract farming as a mechanism for the commercialization of smallholder agriculture, the Zimbabwe case study. APPENDIX Appendix: Export volume and export value of tea commodity in period 2002-2012 GSO and trademap, 2013

Law of equity emerged

Law of equity emerged The law of equity emerged to mitigate the severity of the rules of common law . Instead of simply replacing or adding to the common law, equity grew up as a separate branch of jurisprudence, leading to a system of common law dualism The reasons for the creation of equity firstly, and secondly its distinction from the common law go back to the thirteenth century. Briefly, the law of equity developed due to the inflexibility of the common law . Claimants would only have a successful claim if the claim could be matched with an existing writ. Thus petitions for remedies were made to the King, which were in time delegated to the Chancellor, which in time was taken over by the Chancery, which was seen as separate to the common law courts. Equity thus became a kind of supplementary jurisprudence which was intended to fill up the gaps in common law Equity and common law worked separately, administered by different courts until the Judicature Act fused the different courts of equity and the common law, so that a claimant could go to a court and and have both equity and common law available to him, instead of having the two separate courts. However despite being merged in administration, the two streams of jurisdictiondid not mingle their waters , meaning that the rules and principles from equity and common law still exist separately as they did before, but are now applied by, and are available to all courts. If ever a dispute between law and equity arose, the rules of equity shall prevail , this rule is to ensure that equity actually has an application when its used to supplement the common law. Ashburners quote is proven by the trust, in which English law still draws a fundamental distinction between legal and equitable rights The trust refers to the duty or aggregate accumulation of obligations that rest upon a person described as trustee . The trustee is bound to hold the land on behalf of a beneficiary, and thus under the common law the land belongs to the trustee, equity would hold that it belongs to the beneficiary. Equity supplements but does not contradict the common law according to Lord Templeman. This issue is a source of lucrative debate, with most agreeing with Lord Templeman, but some argue that equity is contradictory in nature, Worthington suggests that because equity was applied where common law was inadequate, it follows that equitys rule would have to be different than those of the common law, which would naturally lead to conflict and contradiction . Following the Judicature Acts the debate over the nature of equity became more important, with both systems being at a judges disposal they could be conflicting than ever. Using the trust as an example, the classic point thought to be a contradiction between common law and equity is where A (trustee) is the owner in law, and B (beneficiary) is the owner in equiry. Hohfeld is one academic who believes that equity is contradictory. The example used by him is firstly to imagine what the state of things were like without equity. B would ask A told hold the land on his (Bs) behalf, however A, under common law has no obligation to do anything, A is now owner of the land and can do with it as he pleases. Similarly B has no rights over the land, he does not even have a right to be on the land. Hohfeld then goes on to imagine Parliament enacting a statute that states that A, on holding the land for B is under a duty to hold the land for Bs benefit and to not do as he pleases with it. Hohfeld states that this statute conflicts, substantively, with the common law rules, and repealed them . Thus in extending this analogy to the modern trust and equity, Hohfeld hop e to show that equity and the trust are contradictory to the common law. However Hohfeld is assuming that because equity reacts differently to a trust than common law does there is a contradiction, this is a misunderstanding of what equity is trying to achieve, which is a supplement to the common law which is not necessarily a contradiction. Equity builds upon the common law to improve it. So A must own the property in common law in order that he can fulfil Bs wishes and to protect his interests in it. B being see as the owner in equity has his superior interest in the property secured. Equity and common law are working together, proving why Maitland describes the trust as the greatest and most distinctive achievementin the field of jurisprudence Maitland disagrees with the idea of having two owners of the land, He stated that if A and B were both owners, there would be civil war and utter anarchy and there would be the contradiction that Hohfeld spoke of. According to Maitland equity never said that the cestui que trust was the owner of the land, it said that the trustee was the owner of the land but with the added burden of holding the land for the beneficiarys benefit. Furthermore if there was a contradiction here Maitland points out that the Judicature Act would have abolished the trust. Hohfeld seemed to see equity as a rival system to the common law, which we ought not to do says Maitland. Equity is more of a parasitic system, it needs the common law to survive as alone it is nothing as its doctrines and rules build upon the pre-existing common law. To take Maitlands example, if equity were to be abolished, the common law would stand up fine on its own, however if the common law were abolished, there would be anarchy. Equity was not a self-sufficient system at every point it presupposed the existence of common law. Equity does not act contrary to the common law and does not go against it, it works with it to create a more just system. In conclusion Maitland is right when he says that equity is supplementary. Equity should be seen as an addition to the common law, an added extra. The rules of equity with regards to the trust do not say that the common law is wrong, instead it adds rules on, rules that only exist within equity, so the existing common law rules can stand. With the example of a trust, the common law says A is the owner, and in equity agrees with this, but adds the fact that A must hold the property on behalf of B. Without the common law the idea of a trust would disappear completely if A could not be the owner of the land at law, or else he would not be able to fulfil his duty as trustee on the beneficiarys behalf. . Without the intervention of the trust the common law alone would allow A to do anything with the land B asked him to hold, a truly unsatisfactory and unfair outcome, equity mitigates this harshness, by building on it, it does not contradict it by creating a antithetical system.

Sugarcane :: Botany

Sugarcane Sugarcane is the common name of a species of herb belonging to the grass family. The official classification of sugarcane is Saccharum officinarum, and it belongs to the family Gramineae. It is common in tropical and subtropical countries throughout the world. It can grow from eight to twenty feet tall, and is generally about 2 inches thick. Several different horticultural varieties are known, and they differ by their stem color and length (Anonymous, 1998). The common sugarcane has been cultivated since ancient times. The most widely used form of cultivation is by stem cuttings, since many varieties do not produce fertile seeds (Microsoft, 1994). According to Helen Boyel, (1939) this is one of the many species of plants that would not survive without human intervention. It is a very easy, and profitable plant to grow, but does not naturally reproduce very effectively. The sugarcane was one of the first "cash crops" of early colonial America. It grew plentifully in the southern states, and was a major source of income for many plantations. It is grown readily in the United States in Hawaii, Louisiana, Florida and Puerto Rico. The countries that produce the largest amounts of sugarcane are Brazil, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Mexico, India, and Australia (Microsoft, 1994). Sugarcane cannot be easily harvested by machine, so for centuries it has been harvested by hand, using large machete like blades. For this reason sugarcane fields have very large amounts of farm hands, and are a major source of employment throughout South America, Central America, and even the Caribbean. In early America, when the plant was readily harvested, it was a major source of slavery in the south. However, with the advent of abolition, it was found that sugarcane could be imported cheaper than it could be grown (Microsoft, 1994). This is why the sugarcane industry in the United States has diminished so sharply since the Civil War. The primary use for sugarcane is to process sugar, which can then be used in an infinite number of products. The type of sugar produced by sugarcane is called sucrose. This is the most important of all the sugars. Sucrose is used as a sweetening agent for foods and in the manufacture of cakes, candies, preservatives, soft drinks, alcohol, and numerous other foods. Although the use of sugar in the human diet is controversial, sucrose supplies about 13 percent of all energy that is derived from foods (Escalona, 1952).

Carl Gustav Jung Essay -- Biographies Research Psychology Essays

Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called "Symbols of Transformation." Jung disagreed with Freud's fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his "Psychological Types," a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, "P sychology and Alchemy," published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of "The three levels of the mind" (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, an... ...a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one's ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. Works Cited: Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno's intrahistoria and Jung's collective unconscious: parallels,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung's theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of Humanistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology, 36, 61-92. Carl Gustav Jung Essay -- Biographies Research Psychology Essays Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called "Symbols of Transformation." Jung disagreed with Freud's fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his "Psychological Types," a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, "P sychology and Alchemy," published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of "The three levels of the mind" (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, an... ...a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one's ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. Works Cited: Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno's intrahistoria and Jung's collective unconscious: parallels,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung's theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of Humanistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology, 36, 61-92.

The Theories of Creationism and Evolution

Creationism is the belief that all life and matter on this planet was created by a god or supreme being. It states that a god is the creator of all, and that he (or she) created everything out of nothing. This is a strong belief of many, and seriously contradicts scientific thinking. One can not mention creationism and not say something about the Bible s creation story. It takes place over seven days in which God creates the universe out of nothing. And the earth was without shape and void (genesis 1:1) The breakdown of creation is as follows: Day 1 God made light and separated it from the dark, making day and night. Day 2 God created the water below and the sky above. Day 3 God made earth and made plants grow on it in abundance. Day 4 God created the moon, the sun, the stars and the planets. Day 5 God made the birds of the sky and the creatures of the deep seas. Day 6 God created the animals and the human beings of earth. Day 7 God rested after work. This explanation of creation is preached in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Ever since the idea of evolution came about, (see Part II) creation scientist, have been trying to prove their theory over evolution. They cite these major issues: 1. There are no transitional links and intermediate forms in either the fossil record or the modern world, which means, there is no actual evidence that evolution has occurred either in the past or the present. 2. Natural selection (the supposed evolution mechanism, along with mutations) is incapable of advancing an organism to a â€Å"higher-order. 3. Although evolutionists state that life resulted from non-life, matter resulted from nothing, and humans resulted from animals, each of these is an impossibility of science and the natural world. 4. The supposed hominids (creatures in-between ape and human that evolutionists believe used to exist) bones and skull record used by evolutionists often consists of `findsÙŽ which are thoroughly unrevealing and inconsistent. They are neither clear nor conclusive even though evolutionists present them as if they were. 5. Nine of the twelve popularly supposed hominids are actually extinct apes/ monkeys and not part human at all. 6. The final three supposed hominids put forth by evolutionists are actually modern human beings and not part monkey/ ape at all. Therefore, all twelve of the supposed hominids can be explained as being either fully monkey/ ape or fully modern human but not as something in between. 7. The rock strata finds (layers of buried fossils) are better explained by a universal flood than by evolution. Using these and other arguments, Creationists (those who believe in creationism) have fought for what they believe and so far have made some interesting impacts in the nation and around the world. For instance, recently in Kansas, the school board decreed that evolution was to be taken off the science curriculum. It was not to be taught. At all. Part II Evolution: The belief that all life evolved, or mutated into what it is today. Charles Darwin started off the whole evolution revolution after studying creatures in the Galapagos Islands. He published his controversial book, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which appeared in 1859. Darwin is hailed as the father of modern theories of evolution. Common usage of the word â€Å"evolution† is the idea that living things in our world have come into being through unguided natural processes starting from a primeval soup of subatomic particles and radiation, over approximately 20 billion years. The idea of evolution that was stated above can be infinitely explained using a combination of the following four studies: 1. Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that deals with the origin and formation of the general structure of the universe. 2. Abiogenesis refers to first life, which is the production of living things from inanimate matter. 3. Macro-evolution or general evolution refers the progression to more complex forms of life. The way of macro-evolution, including whether or not micro-evolution over a long enough time leads to macro-evolution, can be regarded as a â€Å"research topic.† 4. Micro-evolution or speciation refers to population and species change throughout time. There are many examples of speciation, if by the development of a new â€Å"species† we are referring to development of a new population of creatures which will not breed with the original population to produce viable offspring. Micro-evolution is a scientific fact which no one, including creationists, can dispute. The accepted ways if explaining micro-evolution are â€Å"mutation† and â€Å"natural selection.† Mutations are â€Å"mistakes† in the genetic material used for reproduction, which can occur for many reasons (example: as a result of exposure to radiation.) Naturally occurring mutations are very rare, and it is understood that the ones that do occur, almost all have a bad effect. The occasional positive mutation, giving some benefit to the organism, provides the â€Å"new material† for natural selection to work with. Natural selection is based on the thought that there is variation among creatures in a population. Natural selection says that those individuals who have some advantage in their environment (such as being a faster runner, having a better camouflage, etc.) are more likely to have more offspring, which makes the probability of passing the advantage on to future generations. The Peppered Moth (Biston betularia) is typically a whitish moth covered with black spots. This coloring gives an effective camouflage for the moths as they sit on some kinds of birch trees. Like people, however, these moths can be found in a range of colors from very black to very white and all the shades in between. In a famous study in England it was found that when the white trees, on which the moths sat, became dirty (dark) from pollution, birds ate more of the lighter moths, apparently missing the darker ones because of their blending in with the trees. It was no surprise that the population of darker moths increased while the lighter ones decreased. Later on, when the city got together some better pollution laws the trees returned to a lighter color. Along with this, the lighter moths proliferated and the darker ones dwindled in numbers. This is clearly natural selection in action, but is it evolution? Not really, unless natural variation within species that happens in all plants and animals is called â€Å"evolution.† The problem with calling this type of variation evolution is that it is very limited. There are, for example, over 150 breeds of dogs recognized by the AKC and more are added each year, but they are all dogs. You can select for dogs with long ears or short ears, go for big dogs or small dogs, but you can’t select for dogs with flippers. The reason is obvious, there are no genes for wings in the gene pool of the dog. Because of this, dogs will be remain dogs and Peppered Moths will be Peppered Moths. Part III Let the party begin: The fight and contrast of creationist ideas and those of evolutionists. The problem between the creationist and the evolutionists is that they have no common ground. Their theories are based on an all-or-nothing concept. If one is accepted, the other is discarded. That is just the way they are set up. Because of this, the battle rages on. Each side has had their triumphs and disappointments. Some of the best minds in the world are working to prove to all people that their ideas are better. For instance, some creationist argue there is not a single known case of a truly good mutation, one having no negative side effects. This can be easily argued with using the is not response that everybody remembers from early childhood. Unfortunately for the creationists, there is scientific evidence all science is based on theory. Theory can easily be debunked, depending on how the data is looked at. The war continues. In another instance creationists say that natural selection can only select: among already existing traits-it cannot create something new, such as dogs with wings. While this idea has not been proven false, it has not been proven true either. Evolutionists can dismiss this statement by saying that normal genetic changes take place and natural selection helps out. The spiral of argument is never ending. The reason that the two sides can never see eye to eye on anything goes beyond beliefs into semantics. Each side uses the word theory differently. Evolutionists see theory as a scientifically provable and repeatable series of circumstances. Creationists use the word theory as what someone thinks or supposes will happen. And so creationism can be called a theory equal to the theory of evolution. As far as anybody can see this struggle between these two camps has no finish. As long as there is no distinct evidence to prove one way or another, people will argue over these two theories and brainpower will be spent. Even if there were a conclusion to this battle, there would still be some who wouldn t believe, and so there would still be controversy. Who knows? Nothing can be proven.

Chemistry and Confidential Instructions

O Level Chemistry (5070) Frequently Asked Questions Can my candidates take a dictionary / calculator into the examination? Calculators can be used in all science papers and students should take a calculator, ruler, pencil, protractor and set of compasses into all science exams. Dictionaries are not allowed. My candidates did 0K last session but I would like advice on how to improve my teaching and where they were losing marks unnecessarily – what help can I get? If you want a detailed breakdown then you can ask for a Group Report on your candidates but this will cost you money and so is only really worth doing if you have erious concerns.If you want more general advice the Report on the Examination gives a wealth of advice on teaching and highlights where candidates have most difficulty. What equipment should we have in our laboratories? A CIE booklet entitled Planning Science in Secondary Schools is available from CIE Publications and a list is given in the syllabus. What hel p and advice can you give me about health and safety in the laboratory? The most important point of first contact is with the organisation responsible for health and safety in schools locally; they must be consulted if you are in any doubt and will dvise on any local legal requirements.In addition, there are several useful guides available and many are listed in the booklet ‘Planning Science in Secondary Schools'. Most chemical suppliers' catalogues have details of safety requirements for specific chemicals, and ‘Hazards' (published by CLEAPSS Development Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge), ‘Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory (published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0-85186-489-9) and ‘Hazard Data Sheets' (published by BDH Laboratory Supplies) are all excellent reference points.An on-line resource is located at www. labsafety. rg My candidates are doing the Alternative to Practical paper, so they don't need any laboratory experience, do they? Yes, they do. The ATP paper is an alternative to the Practical Paper, not an alternative to doing practical work. The syllabus makes it clear, in both the Aims and the Assessment Objectives, that the course should be taught practically and that candidates should have experience of doing (rather than merely seeing) experimental work.The Alternative to Practical paper assesses their practical skills, including both data handling and familiarity with standard laboratory equipment. Any candidates without experience of doing practical work will be disadvantaged in this paper. Also practical work is an excellent way of demonstrating a particular point and helping students understand the chemistry theory. Is there an option available which doesn't involve any assessment of practical skills? No. Practical skills are an integral part of chemistry.A chemistry qualification without a practical component would be a second-rate assessment of the subject, and CIE aims to provide valid qualifications r ecognised in all parts of the world. Practicals are a good way of It does not have to be expensive or complicated and many experiments can be very much run as ‘kitchen sink style ones using only household chemicals. http://www. xtremepapers. net I am in the middle of setting up the practical examination, and I need to look at the question. Am I allowed to look at a copy of the question paper?No. You should have preparing the examination using the Confidential Instructions, which are issued to Centres in confidence well in advance of the examination. These instructions tell you all you need to know about the apparatus requirements, how the apparatus is to be rranged, and what it will be used for. If you have a problem which cannot be resolved using the Confidential Instructions, please telephone our Customer services line on +44 1223 553554 or e-mail [email  protected] org. uk.I haven't got the exact equipment specified in the Confidential Instructions, but I do have somethin g similar. Am I allowed to adapt the experiment at all? Yes, you are allowed to make minor adaptations to the apparatus, providing that the apparatus still works as specified in the Confidential Instructions. You do not need to seek our approval for these minor adaptations. However, you must report the adaptations in detail to the examiners, by completing the Supervisor's Report form on the back of the Confidential Instructions, which should be enclosed with the candidates' completed scripts.More substantial adaptations, which require changes to the experiment or which cause the apparatus to work in a different way from that described in the Confidential Instructions, are not allowed. Which option makes it easiest for my students to achieve high grades? They are all the same difficulty, and in every examination we use some robust statistical methods o make sure that the options really are all the same difficulty. Which is the correct textbook for the course?We don't require Centres to use any one particular textbook for our courses, and we would hope that wherever possible teachers would make use of a variety of different resources, drawing from the best bits of each. We do provide a list of books that we believe teachers may find helpful, and you can find this on our website, this will also identify any text books that CIE have produced or which ones we have endorsed for use with our syllabuses. Do I need to teach the course in the order given in the yllabus? No, and we don't recommend it.The syllabus outlines what may be assessed in the examination, but we would normally expect teachers to follow their own scheme of work based on the syllabus. Schemes of work suggesting teaching activities will shortly be available from the teacher support site. Where can I get advice from fellow teachers? There is a teacher discussion group for teachers, hosted by the product manager at CIE and a senior examiner. To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit the Teacher Support Site for instructions. 2/2

Home Depot Business Proposal Essay

Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank founded Home Depot Corp in 1978 (The Home Depot, 2013). The business created strategic product analysis providing an assortment of items to consumers. From the beginning, workers have been able to deliver superior customer satisfaction in the business, helping consumers with jobs such as handling power tools, changing out parts on appliances, laying tile, etc. The Home Depot employees all underwent arduous training to familiarize each employee with products. In addition, the business began hosting workshops to teach consumers on how to do things themselves. Home Depot progressed into a globally known hardware retailer that has an inventory consisting of up to 40,000 various types of constructing and home improvement materials, supplies, outdoor, lawn and garden equipment, appliances, and more than 250,000 other items that can be acquired through special order online or in store (The Home Depot, 2013). Home Depot offers extensive dedication to developing every source in the creating an operational competitive advantage in addition to managing logistics surrounded by the supply chain. An impenetrable basis surrounded by the symbol of home improvement creates the opportunities impact and generates properties on obtaining policies, strategies and measures, which are recognized in Home Depot’s procurement technique. Variables Depending on the number of sellers in any one industry, the differentiation of products and the barriers to entry, a market structure could be an oligopoly, monopoly, perfect competition, or a monopolistic competition. The price elasticity of demand ranges from relatively low in a monopolistic market to very high in a perfectly competitive market. The higher the price elasticity of demand, the more a modification in cost will affect demand for product. The Home Depot asserts various domestic and international customers, ranking as the fourth leading home improvement merchant in the U.S. and fifth biggest in the world. Home Depot customers range from in-house associates to external novice homeowners to industrious commercial contractors. The Home Depot works closely with suppliers to ensure customer satisfaction globally, and domestically. The program is aimed to backup and heighten the service process for The Home Depot stores, deliver efficiencies to our Suppliers, enhance accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, ensuring a superior shopping experience to The Home Depot customers (The Home Depot, 2013). The business also offers a well-designed Internet site that emphasizes supplier collaboration. The New Supplier Toolbox designs create successful partnerships without complicated rerouting and puzzling forms. The material of Home Depot customers differ from needing insecticides to attaining enough drywall supplied to complete the inside of an entire home. The Home Depot also offers an innovative easy to use Internet site that highlights supplier teamwork. Even pricing and SKU number changes have clear procedures to follow ensuring The Home Depot and its partners interconnect. Looking up products is as easy as ever by simply entering the SKU number and selecting from a pictured list of products matching that numbe r. Revenue and Profit Maximization Understanding what the customer perceives as value is important. A company like Home Depot needs to review its services to maintain and develop a customer base. Adjustments in trends in the market because of economic factors or to the point that they current established practice of services does not meet the customer’s demands. The domestic outlook of expectations on procurement policies and procedures explains Home Depots Annual report. At one time, Home Depot set up design centers for kitchens and baths. These design centers are set as a service to the customer who would have embed Home Depot products into the designs of each customer’s home. Home Depot has altered its procurement strategies and purchasing measures. The business set up design examples of kitchen and bathroom designs. These design examples are set as a design service and example to the consumers who install Home Depot merchandise in the plans of his or her home remodel, renovation, or design. This strategy did not increase the production at each  store, as many consumers would take ideas from the example designs completed at the Home Depot and acquire similar merchandise from other stores like the Internet or other home improvement retailers. The procurement policy has changed to include higher product lines like Thomasville furniture and RIDGID tools known high-end items in the furniture and professional grade tools industry. In addition, Home Depot has collaborated with Martha Stewart Living offering a select brand of home improvement merchandise in certain types like paint, outdoor living, and home organization merchandise from Martha Stewart Living (Home Depot, 2013). By modifying strategies from internal industries such as example design stations that drive merchandise, the emphasis should be retaining the consumer through purchasing Home Depot’s products and guaranteeing that products remain available. Home Depot has changed their strategy and policy of purchasing to reflect the changes in the domestic market. Given is an outcome to raise demand for a service, fluctuating the demand curve to the right. By adding features to the provision or constructing it quicker or more dependable, Home Depot can lessen production outlays, shifting the supply curve to the right. Marginal Factors It is important to understand what patterns arise from the local markets when operating from a global perspective. Sourcing local markets is a serious link a company like Home Depot can establish. Setting a strategy for domestic sourcing creates a rooted market existence. From a global outlook, Home Depot preserves a global sourcing merchandise program. Home Depot maintains a global tracking merchandise database to source superior products straight from manufacturers all over the world (The Home Depot, 2013). Their merchant team recognizes and buys high demand advanced products directly for its various store locations. Moreover, Home Depot has sourcing headquarters located in China, India, Italy, Mexico, and Canada (The Home Depot, 2013). Revenue is maximized when Marginal Revenue equals Marginal Cost. To use it, a business needs to know how much it costs to produce one more unit of a service. By setting this global sourcing strategy, the anticipation for Home Depot is that it will understand what sells in a domestic market and sourcing from that specific area. Local connections and pricing will support Home Depot’s objective of global increase since the consumer base will  recognize local merchandise lines and supplies. A local area network can understand specific needs of that area. For example if a country like India has monsoon rains and winds the local office in India can understand the trends and seasons. Home Depot has developed these regional offices to understand the flow of goods to support its local customer base (The Home Depot, 2013). Moreover, having recognition in the local area can also respond to difficulties for that area. Pricing Home Depot’s procurement process summaries the business’s supplier facts inside the reference manual. This manual offers definite data to guarantee effective collaboration and partnerships. The ordering cycle for Home Depot’s consists of electronic data exchange needs, delivery statistics, buying order approaches, store environment settings, engineering superiority, customs compliance, and shipping restraints. Figure 1: The Home Depot Ordering Cycle Diagram Distribution statistics include product and packaging characteristics, freight requirements, and product flows (Amadeo, 2014). The Home Depot outlines distribution necessities to limit misperception and quandaries upon entrance. The data describes where product distributions should be contingent on point of foundation, creation, and final distribution. The final requirements of The Home Depot supplier reference manual include customs compliance and transportation. The Home Depot outlines how suppliers need to handle international imports or exports, from having the appropriate documentation to sufficient packaging and security. Home Depot summarizes how suppliers must handle worldwide imports or exports, from having the correct documentation to adequate packaging and security. Pricing strategies involve movement along the demand curve (Amadeo, 2014). In a marketplace with high price elasticity of demand, like a monopolistic competitive market, a small decrease in cost will have a huge influence on demand (Amadeo, 2014). Non-pricing strategies shifting the demand curve to the right include TV advertisements. This is a joint strategy in markets with low price elasticity of demand, such as oligopolies. Selecting a mixture of strategies having the greatest effect on demand in the business’s industry  may be best. Barriers and the Service Patents or lobbying for increased industry regulation, or making service expensive while entering the industry by selling a service that requires specialized tools in a workforce like Home Depot is a definite barrier entry. Money back guarantee is another option for dissatisfied service or products within product and service differentiation. Labor cost is reduced by capital. Operating Home Depot’s organization demands for the uppermost levels of merchandise excellence, modernization, obtainability, on-time delivery, security in fabrication and delivery, compliance with regulations and codes of conduct, and compassion to product reputation (The Home Depot, 2013). This is a major influence to the procurement strategy, policies, and procedures. The supply chain streamlines many global and domestic opportunities, product and service outsourcing and is a cognizant to personnel support. The selection of products, analyzing, sourcing approaches, freight and import cost, export, shipping, import details, contracts information and processes broaden potential business movement controlled by procurement decisions and influences of policies. Some enforce policies and potentially bring forth benefit, or substantial reasons for internal and external sourcing strategies to create innovative advantage in organizations procedures and decides building and buying solutions. Home Depot faces challenges to unify and coordinate our operations and supply chain from customer to supplier. Challenges involve reducing inventory levels, improving communication between trading partners and changing customer demands, reducing the time from order to arrival of a product, and reducing cost. Contractor Sales/Comparative Advantage Transactions in all Home Depot stores continues to rise. This is a strong indication that homeowners simply can invest more into maintenance and home improvement projects. Usually, contractor sales, which account for a significant percent of Home Depot’s business, continue to fall short. Competition for contractor business is aggressive. Top contenders in this market, like Lowe’s, has attuned their strategies to allow local store  managers to deliver contractor markdowns without corporate consent. Projected Outcome Expanding e-commerce services with Home Depot provides customers greater access to the products and services deepening the guarantee to improve every resource to generate an effective competitive gain. A solid foundation in the expansion to include contractor sales, web-based imaging solution software, and the Home Depot Foundation community outreach program would benefit the company immensely. Home Depot understands their greatest competitive advantage originates within the organization through the Home Depot associates. By removing department silos and creating cross-functional areas within the organization the associates at Home Depot work together to improving the business through creative innovative ways to improve customer service. Recommendations Home Depot’s supply chain value, management, vision or goals and development priorities should focus upon particular objectives in the next 2-year period. Home Depot’s strength to the projected supply chain strategy is the use of e-business and e-commerce processes that enables all information available to the supply chain. Home Depot’s weakness is within the launch of super store concepts ability to suffer postponement. Adding feature late in the process to make products and services grand from data obtained after more accurate or detailed research. Home Depot is creating a tactical decision support tool to assist in managing new projects in addition to the supply chain changes for nonprofit organizations to rebuild homes and contracts for retailed products. Home Depot’s demanding forecast is about control, improvement and deviating through customer demands not supply chain inventory management issues. Most important as technology becomes more innovative, IT strings business technology. Conclusion Home Depot’s business demands for the utmost levels of merchandise excellence, revolution, obtainability, timely shipping, protection in fabrication and delivery, compliance with rules and regulations, and understanding of brand and its reputation is a major impact to the customer service strategy and improvement to merchandise, policies, and techniques.  The supply chain modernizes many global and domestic occasions, merchandise and service outsourcing and is a familiarity to worker support. The variety of merchandise, examining, sourcing methods, merchandise and import price, distribute, delivery, import information, contracts statistics, and procedures broaden probable business measures controlled by procurement decisions and influences of policies. The affiliation with many state and federal laws restricts and offer different business treatment and regulations. Some impose policies and theoretically bring forth profit or considerable motives for internal and external sourcing strategies to generate state-of-the-art influence in organizational processes and chooses building and buying solutions. References Kimberly Amadeo. (2014). What Is the Business Cycle? Retrieved from: http://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/business_cycle.htm The Home Depot. (2013). Welcome to the Home Depot. Retrieved from: https://corporate.homedepot.com/Pages/default.aspx

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling refers to the education of children at home, typically by parents or tutors, unlike the formal settings of schools. In many countries around the world, children are not legally obligated to attend school. In England, France, Canada, the United States and Australia, it is perfectly legal for parents to educate their kids at home. Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day, with a growth rate of 7 to 15 percent per year over the world. There are about two million children currently earning at home in the world.Homeschooled kids do well on standardized tests, are welcome at college and universities, and as adults, have a reputation for being self- directed learners and reliable employees. This essay is going to examine whether homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling makes children miss the golden opportunity to pr actice their social skills. School is the miniature of society. One needs to have not only knowledge of the world, but also interpersonal communication skills in order to survive, not to mention excel in a society.If a child is taught at home solely by his/ her parents, the child misses the chance to meet and interact with other kids. Peer learning has vital benefits as well. By communicating with friends, students can improve their interpersonal skills. Homeschooled children cannot take part in extra-curricular activities like debate, choir and team sports. As interactive learning is such an important component in modern education, homeschooling deprives children of their chance to develop their social skills and network, and even friends. Furthermore, home is not the most suitable environment for learning which lower he effectiveness of learning.Home cannot provide many different hardware which can only be provided by day schools. For instance, the different kinds of experiments m ust be conducted in a safety equipped and qualified laboratory . The many apparatus like Bunsen Burner, funnel and beaker can only be found in a laboratory. Home can never provide such hardware to support the diverse learning needs of children . The equipment of language labs, music room and library only appear in a school setting. Besides, there are too many temptations at home, such as television nd computer games, which would prevent children from concentrating on learning.Homeschooling undermines the development of creative thinking. Parents-to- children teaching is atter all the indoctrination ot parents thinking and values system to their children. In Hong Kong, most parents are very concerned about their children and hope them have a bright future. Therefore, they may try to give what they think is the best to the children. It is common that parents force their children to have piano lesson, choir practice, drawing class and so on in Hong Kong. Parents tend to orcefully spoon feed what they want their children to know.In many cases, children cannot develop multiple thinking perspectives. They Just do what their parents ask them to do. Their creativity and critical thinking, which are highly-valued in today's competitive world, can hardly be formed. On the other hand, it is not suitable to implement home-schooling in Hong Kong. Most parents have full time Job. They do not have time to teach their children. Moreover, parents are not professional in teaching when compared to trained teachers. They may not know how to teach their children effectively. Also, it is impossible for parents to know all knowledge of different subjects.In school, teachers are specialize in few subjects and they can concentrate on those subjects to prepare teaching materials. According to Bill and Ana Moody, who homeschool their children, they admitted that it is hard to teach science topics properly at home. They do not have sufficient knowledge of science and science requires to do experiments. Homeschooling brings another problem: how to assess the ability of students? Hong Kong is a knowledge-based society, it is important to have certificates to prove ne's academic Usually, one will get a Job easily with higher education level.Different jobs have different required education levels. If homeschooling is implemented, there is no standard to assess students unless all students Join public examinations offered by authorized organization and the Education Bureau. Homeschooling does not provide a standard to assess whether students has understand the knowledge fully. As every parents and tutors may have design a different curriculum for students, there is no standard of what basic knowledge that students should learn.Some people argued that a unified education system simply cannot cater for the individual needs of each and every student and, therefore, homeschooling is a better way for children to learn as it is more flexible which can cater individual's needs . It can provide a tailor-made learning schedule which can cater learning speed of the children and specific requirements by those who best understand them: their parents. It may allow students a more flexible combination of subjects which cater for individual needs. This would arouse interest in study, giving students the initiative to learn.However, small class teaching , which is quite popular in Hong Kong, can also cater the needs of different children. Due to the decreasing birth rate, schools started to implement small-class teaching and has smaller teacher-to student ratio. This allows teachers to pay more attention to each student in class. Flexible combination of subjects can also be achieved by new curriculum. In the past, usually students were divided into art, science and commerce classes and they were only allowed to choose subjects which are related to each other. Now, students under the new curriculum are allowed to choose subjects freely.For example, student can choo se to study Biology, a science subject, and grapny, an art subject. Some also claimed that homeschooling can enhance close family relationship. However, this may not be true. Conflicts and arguments are easily happened when parents stay with their children all the time. Parents may easily lose temper when their children are not listening to them or cannot follow their teaching schedule as they are more emotionally affected when facing their own children. Moreover, children may easily lose concentration on learning as there are too many temptations at home as mentioned before.If parents punished their children for this, the parent- child relationship would suffer. All in all, homeschooling should not replace normal schooling for the betterment of students as there are too many weaknesses of homeschooling though admitted that normal schooling has its flaws. In the current education system, students are required to study a fixed and long syllabus within a short period of time. Students study under tremendous pressure and may eventually lose interest in study. However, homeschooling neglects the social development of children which is vital in modern society.